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정말 한국 대학의 등록금이 얼마나 가파르게 올랐는지 <도표1>을 참고로 사립대와 국공립대의 등록금(납입금)이 물가지수에 반영되기 시작한 1975년부터 2009년까지 소비자물가지수 및 대학 유형별 등록금 추이를 살펴보자.
먼저 사립대, 국공립대, 전문대 등록금을 가릴 것 없이 소비자물가지수보다 훨씬 더 가파르게 상승했음을 알 수 있다. 매년 등록금 상승률 추이를 보면, 1970년대 후반부터 80년대 전반까지 사립대 등록금이 매년 10~30% 가량 가파르게 상승했고, 국공립대도 10~20%대의 높은 상승률을 보였다.
이는 70년대 중반부터 시행된 고교 평준화의 여파로 대학 진학자가 늘어나 대학들의 시설 확장이 필요한 데다, 70년대 말의 2차 오일쇼크와
그러나 1990~1996년까지 민주화 정부 출범을 전후로 대학 자율화 붐과 대학 설립이 난무하면서 다시 대학등록금이 급등하는 모습을 보였다. 이렇게 치솟던 대학 등록금은 90년대 후반의 IMF 외환위기를 계기로 상승세가 주춤하다가 2000년부터 6~8% 수준의 상승률을 보였다가 지난해 경기 침체로 1~3%대의 상승률에 그쳤다. 2000년대에는 사립대와 국공립대의 등록금 상승률이 거의 비슷한 양상을 보였다.
<도표1> 대학별 등록금 추이
(주) 한국은행 자료로부터 KSERI 작성
또 (사립)대학 등록금이 가계의 가처분소득에 비해 상대적으로 얼마나 더 상승해 왔는지를 살펴보기 위해 가처분소득 증가율에서 사립대학 등록금 상승률을 차감해보자. 90년대 초까지는 한국경제가 고도성장을 하면서 개인가처분 소득도 빠르게 증가해 대학 등록금이 가파르게 올랐음에도 불구하고 가계가 등록금 부담을 어느 정도 흡수할 수 있었던 것으로 추정된다. 하지만 90년대 초반 이후부터는 개인가처분소득 증가율이 크게 둔화되는 반면 대학 등록금은 상대적으로 높은 상승률을 유지하여 가계들이 대학 등록금을 점차 감당하기 힘들어지고 있음을 보여주고 있다.
정부와 언론이 왜곡하는 경제 정보를 꿰뚫어보고 건전한 민주주의 시장경제 건설을 위한 좀더 의미 있는 토론과 참여를 원하시는 분들은 김광수경제연구소포럼(http://cafe.daum.net/kseriforum)을 방문해주십시오.
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